← All routes

1. 1.PERM Labor Certification

   6 mo – 1 yr

   PERM

   Employer files a labor certification with the Department of Labor to demonstrate no qualified U.S. workers are available.

   Tip: Start recruitment process early. Keep detailed records of all job postings and candidate evaluations.

2. 2.Immigrant Petition

   4 mo – 9 mo

   I-140

   Employer files Form I-140 to classify the foreign worker under the correct employment-based preference category.

   Tip: Consider premium processing ($2,965) for 15 business-day adjudication. Have all supporting documents ready.

3. 3.Priority Date Wait

   0 mo – 5 yr

   Wait for your priority date to become current based on the monthly Visa Bulletin.

   Tip: Check the Visa Bulletin monthly. Priority date is set when PERM is filed. Wait time varies significantly by country of birth.

4. 4.Adjustment of Status

   8 mo – 1 yr 6 mo

   I-485

   File Form I-485 to adjust status to permanent resident once priority date is current.

   Tip: File I-765 (EAD) and I-131 (Advance Parole) concurrently. Complete medical exam (I-693) before filing.

5. 5.EAD / Advance Parole

   3 mo – 8 mo

   I-765

   Employment Authorization Document and travel document filed concurrently with I-485.

   Tip: Combo card (EAD + AP) is common. You can work for any employer once EAD is received.

6. 6.Interview

   1 mo – 2 mo

   USCIS interview at your local field office to review your application.

   Tip: Bring originals of all documents. Dress professionally. Arrive 15 minutes early.

7. 7.Approval & Card

   0 mo – 1 mo

   Case approved and green card produced and mailed.

   Tip: Card typically arrives within 2-3 weeks of approval. Update your address if you move.

These durations are typical ranges, not promises — USCIS publishes its own current times, and yours may differ in either direction. Nothing here is legal advice.